Cover page
pag. 1
Front page
pag. 3
Foreword
pag. 5
Contents
pag. 7
Introduction
pag. 9
Concept development, definitions and culture
pag. 11
Physical and psychological violence
pag. 11
Linguistic and cultural differences - towards a shared understanding
pag. 19
Factors contributing to workplace violence
pag. 21
Individual factors
pag. 21
Situational factors
pag. 24
Organisational factors
pag. 26
Societal factors
pag. 29
Conclusions
pag. 30
Violence, gender and vulnerability
pag. 33
Violence by gender
pag. 33
Racial harassment
pag. 39
Empirical evidence: Trends and patterns in the experience of violence and harassment
pag. 43
Comparability of data
pag. 43
Physical violence - Evidence
pag. 44
Sexual harassment - Evidence
pag. 47
Intimidation and bullying - Evidence
pag. 47
Comparing levels of exposure to physical violence, intimidation and sexual harassment in EU countries
pag. 52
Regulatory instruments
pag. 55
European Directives
pag. 55
Introducing new special legislation
pag. 57
Using existing legislation
pag. 61
Searching for a regulatory response
pag. 64
The costs of workplace violence
pag. 67
Improving the health of individuals
pag. 67
Improving the health of organisations
pag. 70
Improving the health of society
pag. 73
Economic benefits of a violence-free work environment
pag. 74
The ‘high road’ approach of enterprise and individual development
pag. 76
Good practice in organisational interventions
pag. 79
Defining good practice
pag. 79
Presence of good practice documentation
pag. 80
Examples of good practice models
pag. 81
Primary intervention: Reducing the risk
pag. 82
Secondary intervention: Responding to violent incidents
pag. 89
Issues to be considered
pag. 92
Conclusions
pag. 95
Bibliography
pag. 97